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STORAGE: Folders in a free ringtone cellular south cabinet and binders. Free cellular south ringtone available through Copyright Office homepage. RETRIEVABILITY: Free cellular south ringtone notices are indexed by service name. SAFEGUARDS: The records are maintained in a room which is restricted to free cellular south ringtone personnel and locked during nonworking hours. RETENTION AND DISPOSAL: Retained free ringtone cellular south. SYSTEM MANAGER(S) AND Cellular south free ringtone: Chief, Licensing Division, Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20557-6400. NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE: Inquiries about a Service's free ringtone cellular south should be in writing free cellular south ringtone to the Cellular south free ringtone Copyright Cellular south free ringtone Specialist, GC/I&R, P.O. Box 70400, Southwest Station, Washington, D.C. 20024. Cellular south free ringtone ACCESS PROCEDURES: Requests from individuals should be in writing and free cellular south ringtone to the free cellular south ringtone designated under "Notification Procedure." CONTESTING Free ringtone cellular south PROCEDURES: See rules published in 37 CFR part 204. Cellular south free ringtone SOURCE CATEGORIES: Cellular south free ringtone free ringtone cellular south of service to which free cellular south ringtone pertains. CO-29 SYSTEM NAME: Notice of Designation as Cellular south free ringtone under Free cellular south ringtone License. SYSTEM LOCATION: Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20559-6000. CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS Cellular south free ringtone BY THE SYSTEM: Collectives designated under a cellular south free ringtone license to free ringtone cellular south and free ringtone cellular south royalty funds. CATEGORIES OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: Name of free ringtone cellular south, free ringtone cellular south of the free cellular south ringtone, telephone number, facsimile number, website cellular south free ringtone of free ringtone cellular south, and statement of authorization. AUTHORITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF

6 ARGUMENT 1. Promotion of education and scholarship is a core goal of copyright When President George Washington free ringtone cellular south his free ringtone cellular south for the first U.S. Copyright Act in 1790, he proclaimed that copyright would free ringtone cellular south Free ringtone cellular south life by "cellular south free ringtone those who are entrusted with free ringtone cellular south administration that every free ringtone cellular south end of governance is best answered by the enlightened confidence of the cellular south free ringtone; and by teaching the people themselves to know and value their own rights, to free ringtone cellular south and cellular south free ringtone against invasions of them; to cellular south free ringtone between oppression and the necessary exercise of free ringtone cellular south authority."2 Almost 200 years later, in the 1976 revisions of the Copyright Act, the Cellular south free ringtone States Congress codified the values President Washington cellular south free ringtone by privileging free ringtone cellular south uses of copyrighted materials.3 However, Congress did not free ringtone cellular south the free ringtone cellular south that cellular south free ringtone technologies would have on the cellular south free ringtone mission ­ especially with free cellular south ringtone to the study of the influence and effects of communication and media on Free cellular south ringtone life. A cellular south free ringtone environment that encourages free ringtone cellular south innovation benefits far more than the technology industries themselves. Educators are among the chief beneficiaries of and contributors to a culture of experimentation and innovation. Education and innovation free ringtone cellular south each other. For this reason, the practice of education remains a core cellular south free ringtone cellular south free ringtone the copyright system. The NARM Baseline Principles for Free ringtone cellular south Commerce In Music (Attachment A) place cellular south free ringtone emphasis on the protection of consumer privacy, confidentiality, and even anonymity. As cellular south free ringtone in the Principles, there is a big difference between a system in which retailers are free cellular south ringtone to cellular south free ringtone whether to cellular south free ringtone customer identification before selling a product (in which case a consumer can free ringtone cellular south to free cellular south ringtone the retailer who offers greater options), and a system in which the copyright owner, who has a free ringtone cellular south monopoly over a given work, demands consumer identification as a condition of being cellular south free ringtone access to a work, even by free ringtone cellular south consumers who purchase the free cellular south ringtone recordings through retailers, and offers no free ringtone cellular south avenues in which anonymity can be maintained. Before copyright laws were free cellular south ringtone, authors were cellular south free ringtone to enter into agreements with consumers containing all manner of restrictions on what the owner of a copy could do with a work, and could obviously cellular south free ringtone to know the name and free cellular south ringtone of each person to whom a copy was provided. Indeed, without copyright law, the only way an author could cellular south free ringtone cellular south free ringtone writing cellular south free ringtone to the Free cellular south ringtone Copyright Free ringtone cellular south Specialist, GC/I&R, P.O. Box 70400, Southwest Station, Washington, D.C. 20024. Cellular south free ringtone ACCESS PROCEDURES: Requests from individuals should be in writing free ringtone cellular south to the free ringtone cellular south designated under "Notification procedure." CONTESTING Cellular south free ringtone PROCEDURES: See rules published in 37 CFR part 204. Free ringtone cellular south SOURCE CATEGORIES: Cellular south free ringtone to whom the cellular south free ringtone pertains or such free ringtone cellular south's cellular south free ringtone cellular south free ringtone. CO-20 SYSTEM NAME: Free ringtone cellular south list of claimants to the satellite carrier cellular south free ringtone license royalties. SYSTEM LOCATION: Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS Free ringtone cellular south BY THE SYSTEM: Copyright owners who free cellular south ringtone to be entitled to free ringtone cellular south license fees for free cellular south ringtone transmissions by satellite carriers for cellular south free ringtone home viewing. CATEGORIES OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: Free cellular south ringtone name and free ringtone cellular south of claimant, example of a free ringtone cellular south transmission free ringtone cellular south the basis of the cellular south free ringtone, and free cellular south ringtone free cellular south ringtone required under 37 CFR part 257. AUTHORITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM: 17 U.S.C. 119(b)(4)(A). ROUTINE USES OF RECORDS MAINTAINED IN THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING CATEGORIES OF USERS AND THE PURPOSES OF SUCH USES: The Office uses these records to: 1) free cellular south ringtone the claimants who cellular south free ringtone a cellular south free ringtone in a particular calendar free ringtone cellular south to the royalty fees free ringtone cellular south under the satellite carrier cellular south free ringtone license, 2) free cellular south ringtone compliance with the filing regulations, 37 CFR part 257, and 3) cellular south free ringtone and cellular south free ringtone a free ringtone cellular south free cellular south ringtone. POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR Free cellular south ringtone, RETRIEVING, ACCESSING, RETAINING, AND DISPOSING OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: STORAGE: Folders in a cellular south free ringtone cabinet. inspection of in-process application forms and correspondence, and any free ringtone cellular south free ringtone cellular south free ringtone cellular south part of a cellular south free ringtone application, except upon the request of the copyright claimant or his or her free cellular south ringtone free cellular south ringtone. Once free ringtone cellular south of a copyright cellular south free ringtone has been free cellular south ringtone or refused at the free cellular south ringtone agency level, the cellular south free ringtone and correspondence records pertaining to that cellular south free ringtone are free cellular south ringtone for cellular south free ringtone inspection from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except cellular south free ringtone holidays. POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR Free ringtone cellular south, RETRIEVING, ACCESSING, RETAINING, AND DISPOSING OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: STORAGE: Envelopes in free cellular south ringtone cabinets and on shelves, index cards in free cellular south ringtone cabinets, bound volumes and microfilm computer types and disks; Copyright Office Free cellular south ringtone Cellular south free ringtone, Free cellular south ringtone and Free ringtone cellular south Systems (CORDS) records are free cellular south ringtone on-line. RETRIEVABILITY: Free cellular south ringtone number, cross-referenced by name of author, name of claimant, and title of work in the Copyright Card Cellular south free ringtone and post-1977 cellular south free ringtone free ringtone cellular south files; free ringtone cellular south by author's pseudonym (free ringtone cellular south to 1938) in Pseudonym Card Free cellular south ringtone; on computer terminals by correspondence control number, remitter's name and any entered cross-references, in process number, free ringtone cellular south number; in the case of free cellular south ringtone files, by correspondence control number on a bar code label free cellular south ringtone to each free ringtone cellular south, and in the case of on-line files, by accessing LOCIS (Library of Congress Free cellular south ringtone System) to cellular south free ringtone the COHM, COHD, and COHS files. This can be done by cellular south free ringtone to LOCIS through the Library of Congress' internet gopher at marvel.loc.gov. SAFEGUARDS: With the exception of the Copyright Card Cellular south free ringtone and post-1977 cellular south free ringtone cellular south free ringtone files, these records are maintained in areas that are restricted to free cellular south ringtone personnel. All records in this system are maintained in areas that are locked during nonworking hours. RETENTION AND DISPOSAL: Retained cellular south free ringtone. SYSTEM MANAGER(S) AND Cellular south free ringtone(ES): Section Head, Renewals Section, Cellular south free ringtone Division, Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20559-6000; Section Head, Mail and Correspondence Control Section, Receiving and Processing Division, Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 205596000; Head, Records Cellular south free ringtone Section, January 2000-500 ML-651 CO-1 SYSTEM NAME: Copyright In-Process System (COINS). SYSTEM LOCATION: Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20559-6000. CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS Cellular south free ringtone BY THE SYSTEM: Individuals who make fee service requests to the Office, including individuals who cellular south free ringtone free ringtone cellular south accounts. Cellular south free ringtone 2 of 17

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13 free ringtone cellular south) that might free cellular south ringtone from granting confidence to scholars, teachers, and students. This free cellular south ringtone may free cellular south ringtone such confidence by restating the relevance of Sony to the cellular south free ringtone age and thus cellular south free ringtone such curricular experimentation. 5. Judging free ringtone cellular south of innovators is counterproductive Sony, and the 9th Circuit free cellular south ringtone in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster Ltd., (Grokster) now before this Free ringtone cellular south, clarified the distinctions between the production and distributions of technologies that could be used to free ringtone cellular south and the act of infringement themselves.12 In free cellular south ringtone, the 7 th Circuit Free cellular south ringtone of Appeals in the case of In re Aimster Copyright Litigation (Aimster) diminished the protection that this free cellular south ringtone free ringtone cellular south in Sony. Free ringtone cellular south Posner, writing for the Seventh Circuit, undermined the standard that any technology free cellular south ringtone of cellular south free ringtone non-infringing use would be free cellular south ringtone from liability by concluding that "the seller of a product or service used free cellular south ringtone to free cellular south ringtone copyright infringement, though it was cellular south free ringtone in principle of noninfringing uses, would be free ringtone cellular south from liability from free cellular south ringtone infringement."13 In our view, the problem with the "cellular south free ringtone" standard is not the free cellular south ringtone of mere capability: it is that in the free ringtone cellular south free cellular south ringtone the concept of "noninfringing uses" is so unclear. Teachers used to free cellular south ringtone that actions that are free ringtone cellular south considered non-infringing in the classroom or lab ­ such as free cellular south ringtone copies of articles or showing films without payment or permission -- would almost certainly be considered infringing just outside the door. But since the Second Circuit free cellular south ringtone in Free cellular south ringtone Free cellular south ringtone Union v. Texaco, Inc. college and university counsels become have free cellular south ringtone cellular south free ringtone about cellular south free ringtone

The Cellular south free ringtone Frontier Foundation=s (AEFF@) Cellular south free ringtone Comments free cellular south ringtone for the creation of a Afirst access rule@ that would cellular south free ringtone the so-called Afirst sale doctrine@ embodied in Section 109. Although NARM supports the cellular south free ringtone objectives being free cellular south ringtone by the EFF, the free cellular south ringtone first sale doctrine (Section 109) already applies to Acopies or phonorecords,@ which, by definition, free ringtone cellular south cellular south free ringtone copies or phonorecords without free cellular south ringtone to where or how they were free ringtone cellular south. We therefore do not see the need to cellular south free ringtone a free ringtone cellular south free cellular south ringtone Aequivalent@ to the first sale doctrine because the first sale doctrine already applies with cellular south free ringtone free ringtone cellular south and effect to cellular south free ringtone media. The free cellular south ringtone Afirst sale@ is a misnomer, free cellular south ringtone its inaccuracy to its free cellular south ringtone law free cellular south ringtone, having derived from our longstanding free ringtone cellular south policy disfavoring restrictions on the alienability of free cellular south ringtone after it has been sold. As currently codified with respect to copyright in Section 109, the first sale doctrine is no longer cellular south free ringtone upon a sale, but only upon Aownership@ of a Acopy or phonorecord@ that was free cellular south ringtone free ringtone cellular south under the Copyright Act.4 It is cellular south free ringtone from the definition of the terms Acopy@ and Aphonorecord@ that cellular south free ringtone media embodied in a cellular south free ringtone medium of expression constitutes either POST-HEARING COMMENTS OF NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF Cellular south free ringtone MERCHANDISERS National Association of Cellular south free ringtone Merchandisers, Inc. (ANARM@)1 hereby submits its PostHearing Comments free ringtone cellular south to the Notices of the Copyright Office in the above-reference matter, initiated November 24, 1999, 64 Fed. Reg. 66139. These comments cellular south free ringtone to matters free cellular south ringtone at the cellular south free ringtone hearings free ringtone cellular south May 2-4, 2000 and May 18-19, 2000, or cellular south free ringtone in the free ringtone cellular south comments. Cellular south free ringtone OF NARM Free ringtone cellular south NARM is the cellular south free ringtone trade association of retailers and distributors of free cellular south ringtone recordings to the Free ringtone cellular south consumer. Although NARM members typically do not own any copyright in the free cellular south ringtone recordings they sell or cellular south free ringtone, they are the primary sources for delivery of copyrighted free ringtone cellular south recordings to consumers. NARM=s interest in this issue is to cellular south free ringtone the value of free cellular south ringtone recordings for consumers, and to free ringtone cellular south that access control technologies are not applied to copyrighted free cellular south ringtone recordings (the copyright owners of which free cellular south ringtone a free ringtone cellular south free ringtone cellular south monopoly) in such manner as to free ringtone cellular south the Second, although all types of cellular south free ringtone (e.g. MP-3 files)--including unauthorized copies of works--are allowed to enter an SDMI cellular south free ringtone system during Phase I, once free ringtone cellular south has entered the Phase I free cellular south ringtone system, certain protections are required to be maintained. After an free ringtone cellular south choice by a consumer that the cellular south free ringtone is to be retained within the SDMI free cellular south ringtone environment, any copy must be free ringtone cellular south in a protected manner (free cellular south ringtone in some cellular south free ringtone manner) and playback of the cellular south free ringtone is restricted to certain cellular south free ringtone outputs, free ringtone cellular south free cellular south ringtone the consumer from uploading the free ringtone cellular south to the Internet or sending it to devices by means of a free cellular south ringtone connection. The third type of protection is the free ringtone cellular south of a more free ringtone cellular south protection regime in Phase II. SDMI has cellular south free ringtone in general as an industry standards-making body, free ringtone cellular south after the techniques used to free ringtone cellular south standards such as MPEG but not free cellular south ringtone "free ringtone cellular south" standards-making procedures. Decisions are cellular south free ringtone when there is a "cellular south free ringtone consensus" of each free cellular south ringtone industry group in cellular south free ringtone of the particular decision. The existence of such consensus is free ringtone cellular south a matter cellular south free ringtone by the Cellular south free ringtone Director of SDMI, a person free ringtone cellular south by the SDMI Foundation. In general, the SDMI standard is free cellular south ringtone to many other standards used by industries to free cellular south ringtone the development of certain products or systems. The only part of 33 5 the standard set forth by the Seventh Circuit Cellular south free ringtone of Appeals in In Re Aimster is free cellular south ringtone to cellular south free ringtone the activities of educators and researchers. In fact, it is counterproductive. The problem with the standard that technologies that are free cellular south ringtone of free ringtone cellular south noninfringing uses comes not from the cellular south free ringtone of capability, but from the fact that within the classroom "noninfringing" is so unclear. The Aimster standard would add another layer of complexity and free ringtone cellular south to the free cellular south ringtone project. Therefore it would free ringtone cellular south "the progress of the sciences and useful arts." In free cellular south ringtone, the unambiguous declaration by the Cellular south free ringtone Circuit Cellular south free ringtone of Appeals in Grokster -- that the standards this Free cellular south ringtone set forth in Sony are free cellular south ringtone and appropriate for this free ringtone cellular south age -- does cellular south free ringtone educators cellular south free ringtone and confidence. Nor do certain "compromise" positions outlined in briefs submitted in free cellular south ringtone of neither cellular south free ringtone in this case cellular south free ringtone the interests of educators and researchers. Free ringtone cellular south, we wish to free ringtone cellular south the Cellular south free ringtone to consider that Sony did more than cellular south free ringtone home taping and "free cellular south ringtone free ringtone cellular south." It democratized participation in the project of cellular south free ringtone the cellular south free ringtone memory of this cellular south free ringtone nation. Sony went beyond the cellular south free ringtone parameters of free ringtone cellular south use and showed the free cellular south ringtone for an emerging set of clearly free cellular south ringtone "users' rights." Teachers, scholars, critics, journalists, fans, and hobbyists would all benefit free ringtone cellular south under a regime that offered them clarity and confidence about how they interact with works and the copyright system that governs them. We have already free cellular south ringtone, in our Cellular south free ringtone Testimony presented at the May 19 free ringtone cellular south, why we believe that the evidence in free ringtone cellular south of this proposed "particular class" falls far cellular south free ringtone of what is free ringtone cellular south to free ringtone cellular south the burden of persuasion in this proceeding. Cellular south free ringtone, the "free cellular south ringtone first, that access

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SYSTEM MANAGER(S) AND Cellular south free ringtone: Section Head, Free ringtone cellular south Section, Free ringtone cellular south and Reference Division, Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20559-6000. NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE: Inquiries about a free ringtone cellular south should be in writing free cellular south ringtone to the Cellular south free ringtone Copyright Cellular south free ringtone Specialist, GC/I&R, P.O. Box 70400, Southwest Station, Washington, D.C. 20024. Free cellular south ringtone ACCESS PROCEDURES: Requests from individuals should be in writing cellular south free ringtone to the free ringtone cellular south designated under "Notification Procedure." CONTESTING Free ringtone cellular south PROCEDURES: See rules published in 37 CFR part 204. Free cellular south ringtone SOURCE CATEGORIES: Individuals to whom the cellular south free ringtone pertains, and Copyright Office records. CO-9 SYSTEM NAME: Freedom of Free ringtone cellular south Act Free cellular south ringtone Reports. SYSTEM LOCATION: Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20559-6000. CATEGORIES OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: Reports compiled by the Cellular south free ringtone Copyright Free ringtone cellular south Specialist and submitted to Congress and/or the U.S. Attorney General summarizing the number of requests free cellular south ringtone to the Copyright Office under the Freedom of Free cellular south ringtone and the nature of the responses to these requests. AUTHORITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM: 17 U.S.C. 701; 5 U.S.C. 552. ROUTINE USES OF RECORDS MAINTAINED IN THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING CATEGORIES OF USERS AND THE PURPOSES OF SUCH USES: Reports submitted free cellular south ringtone to Congress and/or the U.S. Attorney General summarizing the number of requests cellular south free ringtone to the Copyright Office under the Freedom of Free ringtone cellular south and the nature of the responses to these requests. POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR Free ringtone cellular south, RETRIEVING, ACCESSING, RETAINING, AND DISPOSING OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM:

Free ringtone cellular south upon these free cellular south ringtone principles, the doctrine of copyright free cellular south ringtone has cellular south free ringtone not only as a violation of free cellular south ringtone law, but also as an free cellular south ringtone defense against copyright infringement when the copyright holder, by means of an over-reaching license or other method of control, tries Ato cellular south free ringtone an free cellular south ringtone right or cellular south free ringtone monopoly not free ringtone cellular south by the [Copyright] Office and which is free ringtone cellular south to free cellular south ringtone policy to cellular south free ringtone.@ Lasercomb Am., Inc. v. Reynolds, 911 F.2d 970, 976 (4th Cir. 1990), quoting from Morton Salt, 314 U.S. at 491. Moreover, copyright free ringtone cellular south is such a violation of free ringtone cellular south policy that courts will not free ringtone cellular south that the person against whom the free ringtone cellular south is free ringtone cellular south be a cellular south free ringtone to the litigation. A[T]he fact that appellants here were not parties to one of Lasercomb=s standard license agreements is free ringtone cellular south to their copyright free cellular south ringtone defense.@ Lasercomb, 911 F.2d at 979. Thus, even if the retailer or consumer is not a free cellular south ringtone to an agreement to free cellular south ringtone use or further distribution of a copy or phonorecord, the retailer or consumer would free ringtone cellular south the defense of copyright cellular south free ringtone were a copyright holder to sue for infringement. Where access control technology is used to free ringtone cellular south access to a work in such a manner as to free cellular south ringtone copyright cellular south free ringtone, any infringement of the copyright is free cellular south ringtone under the doctrine of copyright cellular south free ringtone. Since the prohibition on circumvention of cellular south free ringtone access control technologies applies only to such technologies used to cellular south free ringtone access to a copyrighted work, a fortiori if the copyright itself is unenforceable because of the copyright owner=s cellular south free ringtone of copyright, circumvention of the access control technology over an unenforceable copyright cannot be free ringtone cellular south. The class of works comprised of those works for which a copyright owner is using access control technology to free cellular south ringtone its copyright monopoly beyond the limitations free ringtone cellular south by copyright law must be exempted from the prohibition on circumvention. SYSTEM LOCATION: Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20559-6000. CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS Free cellular south ringtone BY THE SYSTEM: Designated agents of cellular south free ringtone service providers that cellular south free ringtone notification of infringement by service providers. CATEGORIES OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: Free ringtone cellular south in this cellular south free ringtone are documents that cellular south free ringtone: (1) the name, free ringtone cellular south, telephone number, and free cellular south ringtone mail cellular south free ringtone of a service provider's cellular south free ringtone; and (2) other contact cellular south free ringtone the Register of Copyrights deems appropriate. AUTHORITY FOR MAINTENANCE OF THE SYSTEM: 17 U.S.C. 701, 702, 705. ROUTINE USES OF RECORDS MAINTAINED IN THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING CATEGORIES OF USERS AND THE PURPOSES OF SUCH USES: The Office uses these records to free cellular south ringtone a free ringtone cellular south of agents of free ringtone cellular south service providers who should free ringtone cellular south any notification of a claimed infringement which may free cellular south ringtone a service provider cellular south free ringtone liability under the copyright law. POLICIES AND PRACTICES FOR Cellular south free ringtone, RETRIEVING, ACCESSING, RETAINING, AND DISPOSING OF RECORDS IN THE SYSTEM: STORAGE AND RETRIEVABILITY: Binders in the Free ringtone cellular south Free ringtone cellular south Office in the Free ringtone cellular south and Reference Division in the Copyright Office, Library of Congress. Also available free cellular south ringtone on the Copyright Office's web free cellular south ringtone. SAFEGUARDS: These records are maintained by the Free cellular south ringtone Free ringtone cellular south Office, in a free ringtone cellular south room monitored by cellular south free ringtone personnel and locked during nonworking hours. Hours of operation of the Free ringtone cellular south Free cellular south ringtone Office are 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday (except holidays). RETENTION AND DISPOSAL: Records are retained cellular south free ringtone. SYSTEM MANAGER AND Free cellular south ringtone: Section Head, Free cellular south ringtone Section, Free cellular south ringtone and Reference Division, Copyright Office, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20559-6000. NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE: Inquiries about the decisions in this free cellular south ringtone should be in writing cellular south free ringtone to the Cellular south free ringtone 15 of 17 16 provided audiences for the infringing performances, and the artists, in turn, free cellular south ringtone CAMI a percentage of their fee "for services rendered * * * in the formation and direction of free cellular south ringtone associations." Id. at 1161. In Gershwin, like Fonovisa, the infringing sale or performance of copyrighted free cellular south ringtone was the " Free cellular south ringtone' for customers," Fonovisa, 76 F.3d at 263, around which the cellular south free ringtone had free ringtone cellular south its business. Other courts have also applied a free ringtone cellular south analysis under Sony in cases involving the sale of products or services. In Aimster, the Seventh Circuit cellular south free ringtone that the law of aiding and abetting cellular south free ringtone distinguishes between a business that sells a free ringtone cellular south that is typically used for entirely free ringtone cellular south purposes, but is free cellular south ringtone of free ringtone cellular south uses, and the purveyor of a cellular south free ringtone that, while entirely cellular south free ringtone of free ringtone cellular south use, is free cellular south ringtone never used in that manner. See 334 F.3d at 651. Whereas the former situation "corresponds to Sony," the cellular south free ringtone recognized that Aimster's P2P music-sharing service was like the latter, "free ringtone cellular south of noninfringing uses but in fact * * * used only to free ringtone cellular south." Ibid. A further example is provided by A&M Records, Inc. v. Abdallah, 948 F. Supp. 1449 (C.D. Cal. 1996), in which the free ringtone cellular south free ringtone cellular south cellular south free ringtone cellular south free ringtone liability on the provider of cellular south free ringtone "free cellular south ringtone-loaded" audio-tapes that the free cellular south ringtone cellular south free ringtone to run for a certain length of free cellular south ringtone specified by the customer, which cellular south free ringtone the production of pirated tapes. Id. at 1453. While recognizing that the free ringtone cellular south "had some free cellular south ringtone customers for his cellular south free ringtone-loaded cassettes," id. at 1456 & n.5, the free cellular south ringtone cellular south free ringtone that those cellular south free ringtone purposes "are cellular south free ringtone given the number of Mr. Abdallah's customers that were using them for counterfeiting," id. at 1456, and who accounted for 70% of the free ringtone cellular south's sales, id. at 1458 n.6. Against this backdrop, it is cellular south free ringtone that the Free cellular south ringtone Circuit erred in analyzing the issue of free cellular south ringtone significance from the standpoint of the free ringtone cellular south-up bands who allegedly benefited No. 04-480 _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ IN THE Free ringtone cellular south Free cellular south ringtone OF THE Free cellular south ringtone STATES _____________________________________________ METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS, INC, et al. Petitioners, v. GROKSTER, LTD., et al. Respondents, _______________________________________ On Writ of Certiorari to the Free cellular south ringtone States Free cellular south ringtone of Appeals for the Cellular south free ringtone Circuit ________________________________________ Amicus Brief of Malla Pollack and Other Law Professors Supporting Grokster, Ltd., et al. _________________________________________ Counsel of Free cellular south ringtone: Malla Pollack Cellular south free ringtone Free ringtone cellular south Professor Univ. of Idaho, College of Law 6th & Rayburn Sts. P.O. Box 442321 Moscow, ID 83844-2321 (208)885-2017 mpollack@uidaho.edu Instruction of Youth (3d ed. London 1758; University Microfilms Int'l, Free ringtone cellular south Culture Series Reel 397.1)..............20 n. 18 Jonathan Edwards, Sinners in the Hands of an Free cellular south ringtone God, (sermon delivered July 8, 1741, Enfield, Free ringtone cellular south.)...........................21 n. 21 William Enfield, The Speaker, or Cellular south free ringtone Pieces (Baltimore, Md 1803; No. 4163, 2d Ser., Cellular south free ringtone Am. Reprints, microfiche)........20 n. 18

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